Gordon Conway argues that the introduction of IR-8 caused an

Dołączył: 09 Mar 2024 Posty: 1

Philippine rice production. By 1970, half of the Philippine rice fields had already been cultivated with the new varieties. Conway claims that in 1968-1969 the Philippines achieved self-sufficiency for the first time in decades, although it temporarily lost it in the early 1970s due to inclement weather and plagues (Conway, 1998, pp. 52-53). Cullather is less optimistic about this and comments that Marcos falsified data while secretly importing rice from Hong Kong (Cullather, 2004, p. 245). [5] Specifically, he requested 40,000 tons under PL 480 (VVAA, 1971, p. 310), a public law approved in 1954 that allowed the president of the United States to authorize the shipment of surplus merchandise to friendly nations, whether on concessional terms or as subsidies (Office of the Historian.

United States Department of State). The US had already delivered rice to Saigon in accordance with that law in early 1962. [6] This program, inspired by the 'agrovilles' promoted by the British in Malaysia, consisted of rural communities erected by the government to protect peasants from insurgency. An early version was launched in 1959 by the US BTC Users Number Data Military Assistance and Advisory Group-Vietnam (MAAG-V), but was met with strong resistance from a peasantry who refused to be displaced from their villages in exchange for the vague promise of health, education, and land. In 1961 the South Vietnamese government decided to promote a new version consisting of the construction of fortified villages whose inhabitants received training in basic defense.

These towns were to serve as bastions against the guerrillas. However, the plan was a failure and in 1963 it was abandoned for another pacification strategy (Andradé, 1996, p. 418). [7] Robert Komer met with General Quang, of the IV Army Corps, to press him on the strategic importance of rice in the Mekong Delta, where 8 of the 15 million South Vietnamese lived (VVAA, 1971, p. 570) . Komer told President Johnson that part of the harvested rice was being diverted to Cambodia and another part was going into the hands of the Viet Cong. The idea of building a barrier on the border between Cambodia and the delta was considered, but this plan was scrapped due to its complexity. General William Westmoreland considered the cantonment of two American brigades in the delta more practical (Komer, 1966). [8] The US became fully involved in the rice trade. Vietnam became a large importer starting in 1965.

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